Effective emission height

tallbloke:

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Some useful discussion in comments below Anders post. Pekka says:

“The radiative height is determined directly by the GHG concentrations and effects of clouds, tropopause height is not sensitive to GHG concentrations and depends more on thermodynamics of air and convection.”

Originally posted on And Then There's Physics:

I should start by saying that this post was partly motivated by an intersting comment from Pekke Pirila on another thread. Also, Eli already has a post that mostly cover this, so this is more from completeness, than anything else.

In a number of my recent posts, I’ve been referring to an effective emission height in the atmosphere that is set by the greenhouse gas concentration. Given that the tropospheric temperature gradient (lapse rate) is largely set by convection, if you know the temperature at some height in the atmosphere, then one can work back down the lapse to the surface in order to determine the surface warming due to greenhouse effect. I haven’t, however, really defined this effective emission height. In equilibrium, the Earth radiates as much energy back into space per unit time as it receives from the Sun. If you determine the average amount of energy…

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Solar forcing of North Atlantic surface temperature and salinity over the past millennium

H/T to Dr Michele Casati for alerting us to a new paper in Nature Geoscience which finds that low solar activity is the likely cause of blocking highs bringing polar air into northern Europe during the little ice age.  According to the Sciencedaily post about the paper, it also notes that solar activity is predicted to be low for the coming decades. Looking at the references isn’t obvious where this prediction comes from. I’ll look at the full paper later today and update the post.

Solar forcing of North Atlantic surface temperature and salinity over the past millennium
Paola Moffa-Sánchez, Andreas Born, Ian R. Hall, David J. R. Thornalley & Stephen Barker

Abstract
There were several centennial-scale fluctuations in the climate and oceanography of the North Atlantic region over the past 1,000 years, including a period of relative cooling from about AD 1450 to 1850 known as the Little Ice Age¹. These variations may be linked to changes in solar irradiance, amplified through feedbacks including the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation². Changes in the return limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation are reflected in water properties at the base of the mixed layer south of Iceland.

Was the Chinese moon rover damaged by electrostatic forces?

The news last month that the Chinese Yuutu moon rover, ‘Jade Rabbit’, apparently suffered a failure when stowing it’s extending arm for hibernation through Lunar night got me thinking about possible causes.

Photo of the Jade Rabbit rover taken by the Chang’e-3 lander after it rolled onto the lunar surface for the first time on December 15, 2013. Credit: Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Space Administration

One consideration for the cause was the ingress of lunar dust into the mechanical gear. Since there is no air to support particles off the lunar surface, it occurred to me that electrostatics might be involved. The development of electrostatic charge can occur when dissimilar material undergo mutual surface friction, and this might cause dust to adhere to the rover.

1945 : World’s Climate Changing, Poles Melting, Glaciers Retreating, Rivers Drying Up, Deserts Expanding

tallbloke:

Another great bit of historical research from Steven Goddard. Global warming before the increase in CO2.

Originally posted on Real Science:

22 Jan 1945 – THE WORLD’S CHANGING CLIMATE

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key pledge legalise brothels 30 per cent discount for OAPs.

The deputy prime minister saw Lib Dem candidate Tony Marshall come in last place after receiving a miserable 56 votes.

Ahead of him was apparent Elvis fan David Laurence Bishop (aka Lord Biro), who secured 67 votes in the council by-election in Clifton North, Nottingham.

Ahem
http://metro.co.uk/2014/03/07/lib-dems-beaten-by-bus-pass-elvis-party-in-clifton-north-by-election-4457529/

h/t Commenter “Barbera” at Bishop Hill thread

Atmospheric pressure variations at extratropical latitudes associated with Forbush decreases of galactic cosmic rays

A new paper in press at Elsevier finds air pressure changes linked to Forbush Decreases in the extra-tropics. These can affect the regime of blocking highs and the landfall of cyclonic weather systems. The paper marks a further step forward in understanding solar-terrestrial relations.

Atmospheric pressure variations at extratropical latitudes associated with Forbush decreases of galactic cosmic rays
I. Artamonovaa,a  S. Veretenenkoa,b
a St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
b Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia

Abstract

Changes of troposphere pressure associated with short-time variations of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) taking place in the Northern hemisphere’s cold months (October–March) were analyzed for the period 1980–2006, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data being used. Notice- able pressure variations during Forbush decreases of GCRs were revealed at extratropical latitudes of both hemispheres. The maxima of pressure increase were observed on the 3rd–4th days after the event onsets over Northern Europe and the European part of Russia in the Northern hemisphere, as well as on the 4th–5th days over the eastern part of the South Atlantic opposite Queen Maud Land and over the d’Urville Sea in the Southern Ocean. According to the weather chart analysis, the observed pressure growth, as a rule, results from the weakening of cyclones and intensification of anticyclone development in these areas. The presented results suggest that cosmic ray vari- ations may influence the evolution of extratropical baric systems and play an important role in solar-terrestrial relationships.

GREENPEACE Co-Founder : No Evidence Global Warming Is Caused By Humans

tallbloke:

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Greenpeace co-founder Patrick Moore telling it like it is.

Originally posted on Climatism:

Warming fears are the “worst scientific scandal in the history…When people come to 
know what the truth is, they will feel deceived by science and scientists.” - UN IPCC 
Japanese Scientist Dr. Kiminori Itoh, an award-winning PhD environmental physical
chemist.

“It is a blatant lie put forth in the media that makes it seem there is only a fringe of 
scientists who don’t buy into anthropogenic global warming.” - U.S Government
Atmospheric Scientist Stanley B. Goldenberg of the Hurricane Research Division of
NOAA.

“I am a skeptic…Global warming has become a new religion.” - Nobel Prize Winner for
Physics, Ivar Giaever.

Click to play »

EXCLUSIVE MUST-SEE interview with Greenpeace co-founder Patrick Moore via Fox News.

Transcript 

SEAN HANNITY, HOST: For years the left has been spinning their lies about global warming, all in an effort to push through their radical agenda. Watch this.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIPS)

AL GORE, FORMER…

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